Table 12. Paddy Rice production costs per ha in Japan, Korea and Taiwan ROC

Item	Japan (2005)¹		Korea (Rep. of) (2005)²		Taiwan, ROC (2005)³
Item	Amount	% of total	Amount	% of total	Amount	% of total
Seeds and Seedlings	336.1	2.5	112.1	2.0	228.9	7.1
Fertilizers	707.9	5.2	278.4	4.9	255.7	8.0
Agricultural Chemicals	636.6	4.7	257.0	4.5	221.8	6.9
Other Materials	186.0	1.4	70.9	1.2	11.3	0.4
Fuel and Electricity	313.5	2.3	34.6	0.6	(…)	(…)
Irrigation^*	528.1	3.9	5.5	0.1	45.0	1.4
Farm Machinery and Implements	2,315.9	17.2	428.3	7.5	1,291.0	40.2
Farm Buildings and Facilities	439.6	3.3	12.6	0.2	11.9	0.4
Draft animals	(…)	(…)	0.1	(…)	(…)	(…)
Labor	3,981.6	29.5	1,036.7	18.1	588.1	18.3
— Family Labor	3,795.5	28.1	933.4	16.3	(…)	(…)
— Hired Labor	186.1	1.4	103.4	1.8	(…)	(…)
Others^**	1,507.3	11.2	901.6	15.7	(…)	(…)
Subtotal (A)	10,952.4	81.1	3,138.0	54.8	2,653.8	82.6
Rental fees	1,818.4	13.5	2,325.6	40.6	552.3	17.2
— Own	1,433.7	10.6	1,283.3	22.4	(…)	(…)
— Rented	384.7	2.8	1,042.2	18.2	(…)	(…)
Capital Service	730.5	5.4	266.0	4.6	7.2	0.2
Subtotal (B)	2,548.9	18.9	2,591.6	45.2	559.5	17.4
Total (A + B)	13,501.2	100.0	5,729.6	100.0	3,213.4	100.0
Not including actual or potential revenue from sale of by-products such as rice straw	13,308.8	98.6	5,575.7	97.3	3,213.4	100.0

Annotations

* Irrigation in Japan includes irrigation and land improvement cost.
** This means "Custom Operations" in Korea, "Rents, Taxes etc." in Japan. Rice in Taiwan means 1st Crop of Japonica Rice. The exchange rate per US$ is based on the period average. It is shown in item No.21. The exchange rate per US$ in 2005 in Japan was 110.218 Japanese yen. The exchange rate per US$ in 2005 in Korea was 1,024.117 Korean won. The exchange rate per US$ in 2005 in Taiwan was 32.167 New Taiwan dollars.

1. Department of Statistics and Information, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan, Pocket Book of Statistics of Agriculture and Forestry 2006, November 2007, p. 215.
2. Ministry of Agriculture & Forestry, Republic of Korea, Major Statistics of Agriculture and Forestry 2007, September 2007, p. 259.
3. Council of Agriculture, Taiwan ROC, Agricultural Statistics Yearbook 2005, June 2006, p. 292.