Cultivation Technology of Grape in Vietnam
Cultivars
Two grape cultivars are used for commercial production in Ninh Thuan. The Cardinal early variety (Fig. 1) has red fruit and is round shaped with 14-15o Brix. NH01-48-medium variety (Fig. 2), on the other hand, has green fruit with 17-18o Brix, and is tolerant to mildew, rust and red mites.
Standard Seedlings
Seedlings must be 15-20 cm in height with a diameter of 0.7-1 cm, and free from insect pests and diseases.
Planting Techniques
Planting space is 2.5-3 m x 1.5-2 m. An irrigation drainage with a depth of 15-20 cm is dug in the middle of the plot. Seedlings are planted at the margin of the irrigation drainage.
Orchard Management before Fruit Bearing (2 Years after Planting)
- Regularly weed and keep the land clear.
- Watering must be done at an interval of 5-1 days.
- Fertilizer application (kg/ha):
Mineral fertilizers
- 15 days after planting (DAP): Urea 60 + ammonium sulfate (SA) 50 + Kali 30
- After establishment of the 2nd stem: Urea 120 + SA 100 + Kali 60
- Phosphorous fertilizer is applied two times with a rate of 700/application at 45 days interval
Organic manure or biological fertilizers
- Before planting: 20 000
- 10 DAP: 50
- 60 DAP: 50
- 120 DAP: 100
- 180 DAP: 100
Orchard Management after Fruit Bearing
Fruit bearing starts 2 years after planting, with two fruit seasons per year.
- Pruning is done when the 3rd stem has reached 50-60 days old. After pruning, each stem must have 8-10 leaves and 2 flushes; the number of pruned stems must be 8-10 stems/m2.
- Time of pruning: end of November to beginning of December for winter-spring season (fruit must be harvested in April-May); end of June to beginning of July for summer-autumn season (fruit must be harvested in October- November).
- Binding branches/trunk and cutting lateral flushes:
- Bind branches and divide pruned stem around trunk.
- Cut lateral flushes when they have reached 40-50 cm length.
- Finish binding branches before the flowering stage. Prune leaves near the flower cluster.
- Fruit thinning and clearing. Fruits are thinned when they have reached the size of a peppercorn. Use small scissors for fruit thinning. Fruits that are small and near the cluster are thinned (around 50-55 fruits per cluster).
- Fertilizer application (kg/ha):
Winter-spring season
- 25-30 days before pruning (DBP): organic manure 20,000 kg/ha
- 10-15 DBP: bio-fertilizer 4,000 + Urea 100
- Super phosphate 500 + Potassium chlorure 80
- 10-15 days after pruning (DAP): Urea 25 + Potassium chlorure 10
- 45-50 DAP: Biofertilizer 2000 + Urea 80 + Potassium chlorure 20
- 75- 80 DAP: Urea 80 + Potassium chlorure 20
- Irrigation and drainage. Maintain soil humidity at 80-85%. Avoid flooding.
- Pest control. Major insect pests and diseases of grape such as armyworm, thrips, scales and mites (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), and mildew and anthracnose must be kept under control. Bio-pesticide NPV-se, Fipronil, Metalaxyl, and mancozeb are recommended (Fig. 5).
Index of Images
Figure 1 Cardinal Early Variety
Figure 2 NH01-48-Medium Variety
Figure 3 Stem and Shoot Borer
Figure 4 Leaf Affected by Army Worm
Figure 5 Pesticide Spraying
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