FFTC Training Course in Biotechnology
A recent survey carried out by the Center looked at the potential of biotechnology for the region's small-scale livestock production. The results of the survey emphasized the need for training, and the development if human resources as well as technology. Accordingly, in 2000 the center held a training course in reproductive biotechniques for cattle and water buffalo
The course provided basic training in superovulation, in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Superovulation is the process of stimulating the production of multiple eggs in female animals by the administration of hormones. Artificial insemination is then carried out, using semen from superior bulls.
The embryos can be recovered from the cows without any surgical intervention. In cattle, this is done about six days after insemination. Classes in this technique emphasized the importance of keeping sterile the culture medium and all equipment used.
Each tiny embryo is frozen in a saline medium, and later transplanted into a cow. It develops normally in the uterus, and is born as a full-term calf. However, the dam which gives birth has no genetic relationship with the calf. By increasing the number of eggs produced by superior dams, and transferring the embryos to other females for gestation, this technique allows superior dams to produce many more calves than would normally be possible.
Testing the Sex of Embryos
Biotechnology makes it possible to test the sex of embryos. Trainees were introduced to a new PCR (polymerase chain reaction) test to show whether calf embryos are male or female. It uses only a few cells from each embryo, and does not damage the embryo.
When this test is combined with embryo transfer, it means that for the first time, breeders now have control over the sex of the offspring.
Index of Images
Figure 1 Examining a Frozen Embryo
Figure 2 Injecting Buffalo Cow with Hormones to Induce Ovulation
